Frank Darko 09/18/2019
Professor Nargiza
Matyakubova
ENGL 21003 – F
Informative
Report
How the Universe Began
There are questions that have crossed
our minds one day or the other. We ask questions such as where do we come from?
What is our purpose on earth? And finally, where do we go after we die? Although
these questions are very important, it is impossible to answer if we do not
know how the universe began in the first place. At what point did our universe
begin. Was there a time the universe never existed? There has been so may
theories proposed by scientist as the possible theory responsible for the beginning
of this universe. Most scientists believe that Darwin's theory of evolution
really explains our existence as humans but what it does not explain is the
beginning of the universe. In order words, if we don’t know how the universe
began how certain are we, that evolution is even right.
Theories such as the panspermia;
which means life came from a different planet has been used as one of the
possible theories for the beginning of the universe. There is also the theory
from the Bible that states; the world was created by God. The big bang theory
is probably the most trusted and respected theory in today’s world. The big
bang theory is a theory that proposes a possible way the universe was made
without the involvement of a creator. It is important to note that just as the
name implies; it is just a theory (Strickland, 2008). The pages of this theory are still be written
and new information comes out every year.
Background
to the Big Bang Theory
The big theory was proposed by a
Belgian priest named George’s Lemantre in 1920. He suggested that the universe
probably began from a single primordial atom. Although this theory was first
proposed by George Lemaitre, it was Edwin Hubble that observed this theory.
Edwin's theory was extracted from Albert Einstein's equation of general relativity;
which describes the basic relationship between gravitational force and energy.
Scientist propose that if we look back at the universe one second after the big
bang, we will discover huge number of protons, neutrons, positrons and photons.
This will be followed by the cooling down of the universe. The cooled down
universe causes neutrons to decay into protons or electrons. The continuous
cooling of the universe will then cause electrons to combine with nuclei to
form neutral atom. The neutral atoms will absorb free electrons causing an
afterglow. These after glow or photons are known as Cosmin Background Radiation
Evidence for The Big Bang Theory
Although the big bang theory is accepted by most scientists,
it must still be tested to determine its reliability and authenticity. First
and foremost, observed recession of galaxies is one evidence that support the
big bang theory. Most astronomers believe that Hubble's relationship between
the distance to galaxies and their recession velocity is due to the expansion
of space. If there is an expansion of space, then scientists assume that the
spaces between galaxies were much closer. If the galaxies were much closer
could it be that the galaxies were together. Something might have happened that
caused the galaxies to separate and move far from each other. For example, galaxies
closer our planet are bigger than the ones farther away.
Another evidence for the big bang theory will be cosmic
microwave background radiation. In 1992
NASA launched a mission to research and investigate the cosmic background
radiation. The team was named Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE). The COBE team
announced that they have discovered a primordial hot and cold spot in Cosmic
background radiation. The spot discovered are related to the gravitational
field in the early universe. Another mission was set up to continue the work
done by COBE. With sophisticated and improved equipment, they survey the sky
and discovered that a map of the sky with hot and cold regions. All these
discoveries can only be explained by the big bang theory.
Also, the amount of activity must
have greater in the past than in our present time. Unlike the steady state
theory that states that the earth will remain the same with time, the big bang
theory suggests a universe that will evolve as time goes on.
Shortcomings of the Big bang theory
Although there are plenty of evidence
that suggest that the early might have gone
through a rapid expansion, there is no direct evidence that the universe
arose from a single atom. According to
Silva Neres, a physicist, the big bang is nothing but a theory.
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